Pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī ʻo Brinell, Rockwell a me Vickers (ʻōnaehana paʻakikī)

ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano paʻi-i loko, e like me ka paʻakikī Brinell, ka paʻakikī Rockwell, ka paʻakikī Vickers a me ka paʻakikī micro. ʻO ka waiwai paʻakikī i loaʻa ke hōʻike nei i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka ʻili metala i ka deformation plastic i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke komo ʻana o nā mea haole.

Eia kahi hoʻolauna pōkole i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī like ʻole:

1. Paʻakikī Brinell (HB)

E kaomi i kahi pōpō kila paʻakikī o kahi nui (ʻo ka maʻamau he 10mm ke anawaena) i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea me kahi ukana (maʻamau he 3000kg) a mālama iā ia no kekahi manawa. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka ukana, ʻo ka lakio o ka ukana i ka wahi indentation ʻo ia ka waiwai paʻakikī Brinell (HB), ma ka kilokani ikaika/mm2 (N/mm2).

2. Paʻakikī Rockwell (HR)

Ke HB>450 a i ʻole liʻiliʻi loa ka hāpana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Brinell a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ana paʻakikī Rockwell. Hoʻohana ia i kahi cone daimana me kahi kihi vertex o 120° a i ʻole kahi pōpō kila me ke anawaena o 1.59mm a me 3.18mm e kaomi i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma lalo o kekahi ukana, a loaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka mea mai ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana. Wahi a ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ʻekolu mau unahi like ʻole:

HRA: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ukana 60kg a me kahi indenter cone daimana, a hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (e like me ka carbide cemented, a pēlā aku).

HRB: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ukana 100kg a me kahi pōpō kila paʻakikī me ke anawaena o 1.58mm. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa (e like me ke kila annealed, hao i hoʻolei ʻia, a pēlā aku).

HRC: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ukana 150kg a me kahi indenter cone daimana, a hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kila paʻakikī, a pēlā aku).

3 Paʻakikī Vickers (HV)

E hoʻohana i kahi indenter cone huinahā daimana me ka ukana ma lalo o 120kg a me kahi kihi vertex o 136° e kaomi i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea, a puʻunaue i ka ʻili o ka lua indentation mea e ka waiwai ukana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka waiwai Vickers hardness HV (kgf/mm2).

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Brinell lāua ʻo Rockwell, he nui nā pono o ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Vickers. ʻAʻohe ona palena o nā kūlana i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka ukana P a me ke anawaena indenter D e like me Brinell, a me ka pilikia o ka deformation o ka indenter; ʻaʻole hoʻi he pilikia ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī o Rockwell. A hiki iā ia ke hoʻāʻo i nā mea palupalu a paʻakikī e like me Rockwell, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻāʻo i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana lahilahi loa (a i ʻole nā ​​​​papa lahilahi) ma mua o Rockwell, hiki ke hana wale ʻia e ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o Rockwell. Akā ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i loko o ka pālākiō Rockwell, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā pae paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, no ka mea, hoʻohana ʻo Rockwell i ka hohonu indentation ma ke ʻano he helu ana, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hohonu indentation ma mua o ka laulā indentation, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hewa pili. No laila, ʻaʻole paʻa ka ʻikepili paʻakikī Rockwell e like me Brinell lāua ʻo Vickers, a ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole paʻa e like me ka pololei o Vickers.

Aia kekahi pilina hoʻololi ma waena o Brinell, Rockwell lāua ʻo Vickers, a aia kahi papa pilina hoʻololi i hiki ke nīnau ʻia.