Hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano paʻakikī o ke kila

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka mea hōʻike paʻakikī Leeb i Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Shore (HS) paʻakikī ma hope o ke ana ʻana o Leeb (HL). A i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka loina Leeb e ana pololei i ka waiwai paʻakikī me Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - ʻo Brinell paʻakikī:
Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo Brinell hardness (HB) inā ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka mea, e like me nā metala non-ferrous, ke kila ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a i ʻole ma hope o ka annealing. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Rockwell hardness (HRC) no nā mea me ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, e like me ka paʻakikī ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, etc.
ʻO ka paʻakikī ʻo Brinell (HB) kahi ukana hoʻāʻo o kekahi nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pōpō kila paʻakikī a i ʻole carbide pōpō o kekahi anawaena i ka ʻili metala e hoʻāʻo ʻia. Mālama ʻia ka ukana hoʻāʻo no kahi manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia, a laila wehe ʻia ka ukana e ana i ke anawaena o ka indentation ma ka ʻili e hoʻāʻo ʻia. ʻO ka waiwai paʻakikī Brinell ka quotient i loaʻa ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ukana e ka ʻāpana spherical o ka indentation. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, kaomi ʻia kahi pōpō kila paʻakikī o kahi nui (maʻamau 10mm ke anawaena) i loko o ka ʻili waiwai me kahi ukana (maʻamau 3000kg) a mālama ʻia no kahi manawa. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka ukana, ʻo ka lakio o ka ukana i ka ʻāpana indentation ʻo ke kumu kūʻai paʻakikī Brinell (HB), a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻo ka ikaika kilo/mm2 (N/mm2).
Hoʻoholo ka paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell i ka papa kuhikuhi waiwai paʻakikī ma muli o ka hohonu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastic o ka indentation. Hoʻohana ʻia ka 0.002 mm ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana paʻakikī. Ke liʻiliʻi loa ka HB>450 a i ʻole ka hāpana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Brinell a hoʻohana ʻia ke ana paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell. Hoʻohana ia i ka cone daimana me kahi kihi vertex o 120 ° a i ʻole he pōpō kila me ke anawaena o 1.59 a i ʻole 3.18mm e kaomi i ka ʻili o ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma lalo o kekahi ukana, a ua helu ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka mea mai ka hohonu. o ka indentation. E like me ka paʻakikī o ka mea ho'āʻo, ua hōʻike ʻia i ʻekolu mau unahi like ʻole:
HRA: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana 60kg a me kahi indenter cone daimana, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (e like me ka carbide cemented, etc.).
HRB: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana 100kg a me ka pōpō kila paʻakikī me ke anawaena o 1.58mm, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa (e like me ke kila annealed, ka hao, etc.).
HRC: ʻO ia ka paʻakikī i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana 150kg a me kahi indenter cone daimana, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa (e like me ke kila paʻakikī, etc.).
Kahi mea hou aʻe:
1. ʻO ka HRC ke ʻano o ka pālākiō C paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell.
Hoʻohana nuiʻia ka 2.HRC a me ka HB i ka hanaʻana.
3.HRC pili pili HRC 20-67, e like me HB225-650,
Inā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o kēia pae, e hoʻohana iā Rockwell hardness A scale HRA,
Inā haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī ma mua o kēia pae, e hoʻohana iā Rockwell hardness B scale HRB,
ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī Brinell ʻo HB650, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kēia waiwai.
4. ʻO ka indenter o Rockwell hardness tester C scale he daimana cone me kahi kihi vertex o 120 degere. ʻO ka ukana ho'āʻo kekahi waiwai. ʻO ka maʻamau Kina he 150 kgf. ʻO ka indenter o Brinell hardness tester he pōpō kila paʻakikī (HBS) a i ʻole he pōleʻa carbide (HBW). 'Oko'a ka haawe ho'ā'o me ke anawaena o ka poepoe, mai 3000 a 31.25 kgf.
5. He liʻiliʻi loa ka indentation paʻakikī o Rockwell, a ua ʻike ʻia ka waiwai i ana ʻia. Pono e ana i kekahi mau kiko e imi i ka waiwai awelika. He kūpono ia no nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā ʻāpana lahilahi a ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo ʻole luku. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka indentation paʻakikī o Brinell, pololei ka waiwai i ana ʻia, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā ʻāpana lahilahi, a ʻaʻole i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo ʻole luku.
6. ʻO ka waiwai paʻakikī o Rockwell hardness he helu inoa ʻole me nā ʻāpana ʻole. (No laila, ʻaʻole pololei ke kapa ʻana i ka paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell ma ke ʻano he degere.) ʻO ka waiwai paʻakikī o Brinell hardness he mau ʻāpana a loaʻa kekahi pilina pili me ka ikaika tensile.
7. Hōʻike pololei ʻia ka paʻakikī o Rockwell ma ke kelepona a i ʻole hōʻike kikohoʻe. He maʻalahi ka hana, wikiwiki a intuitive, a kūpono no ka hana nui. Pono ʻo Brinell hardness i kahi microscope e ana i ke anawaena indentation, a laila e nānā i ka papaʻaina a i ʻole ka helu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana.
8. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka HB a me ka HRC ma ka nānā ʻana i ka papaʻaina. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kumu helu noʻonoʻo e like me: 1HRC≈1/10HB.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī he ala maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hoʻāʻo waiwai mechanical. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī e hoʻololi i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua waiwai mechanical, pono ka pilina hoʻololi pololei ma waena o ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika i ka hana ʻana.
Ua hōʻoia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana aia kahi pilina pili ma waena o nā waiwai paʻakikī o nā mea metala a ma waena o ka waiwai paʻakikī a me ka waiwai ikaika. No ka mea, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kumukūʻai paʻakikī e ka pale mua ʻana o ka plastic deformation a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka pale deformation plastic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa deformation plastic, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai paʻakikī.